Healing Water of Pamukkale
The fascinating Pamukkale travertine cascades are located at the edge of the ancient city of Hierapolis, 18 km from Denizli City.
The natural hot spring is beneficial for heart and nerve complaints, hardening of the arteries, high blood pressure, rheumatism, skin diseases, eye diseases, bladder problems, nephritis and paralysis. If the water is drunk while warm, it is good for gastric spasms as well.

Buldan Spring Water
The mineral water source has two taps which are 2 km from Buldan. The hot and cold water sources give 25 liters of spring water per minute. The spring is about 190C. The water contains calcium bicarbonate (CaCO3).
The water is clear and drinkable. The water is good for the digestive system and hepatitis. The altitude of the spring is about 600 m. Locations of various springs in Buldan are as follows:

Doga Mineral Water - Caybasi Mah. / Buldan
Efe Mineral Water - Icme Deresi / Buldan
Gerenci Healthy Spring - Narli Village / Buldan
Kuskoru Healthy Spring - Hisarkoyu / Buldan

Thermal Springs and Spring Waters

Karahayit Thermal Spring and Mineral Waters
The Thermal Source is in Karahayit Town about 5 km north of Pamukkale and also a part of the Pamukkale Thermal Sources System. The water composition resembles that of Pamukkale Thermal Sources, but it is warmer and has less CO2. There are three sources. The first one is 420C, the second is 50 0C and the third source is 56 0C. The water also has mildly radioactive elements.
The thermal water is good for the heart, hardening of the arteries, high blood pressure, rheumatism, sciatica, skin and nerve diseases.

Thermal Water Contents : The water has calcium (466.000), bicarbonate (1329,569), sodium (114,950), iron (2,485), potassium (32,883), magnesium (131,344), carbon dioxide (730,40) mg and radioactivity is 183,14.
There are several oxides in thermal water. That's why the water has formed different colored travertines according to its contents.

Karahayit used to be just a local tourist destination, but nowadays it is an international destination because many hotels have been built. Karahayit Town is almost as important as Pamukkale.
The Karahayit Red Cascades cover about 500 m2. The cascades are one of the most interesting places to see in Denizli.

Pamukkale Thermal Spring and Mineral Waters

The sources of thermal water for Pamukkale are about 20 km from Denizli. The ancient city of Hierapolis is also located in the same place. The water comes from underground karstic caverns and creates the cascades through precipitation of CaCO3 (calcium bicarbonate ) as the CO2 (carbon dioxide) evaporates.

Thermal spring water is beneficial for myocardium and cardiac complaints.
The curative value of this thermal spring was understood in ancient times as well. It has been used for centuries. During the Roman Era religious ceremonies and festivals were held at the thermal pools, and important statesmen and rich people came to Hierapolis to be cured. Religious functionaries and ancient physicians administered healing.

The spring waters are rich in calcium, magnesium sulfate, bicarbonate and carbon dioxide. They also have a radioactive content of 1,537 picocuries/liter. The pH is 6.0.

Travertine is a kind of rock which is formed as calcium bicarbonate precipitates out of hot spring water. It may be formed in many ways under different atmospheric conditions. Geological activity of the past affected a large area in which the Pamukkale thermal springs are found. There are 17 thermal sources in this special area with temperatures ranging between 35-100°C. The source of Pamukkale is only one unit of that whole area. The thermal water flows to the top of the cascades by a 320-meter-long channel and then flows on the cascades about 240-300 m. CaCO3 begins to precipitate on the cascades as the carbon dioxide evaporates, but in the beginning the precipitate is soft like gel. It needs time to completely dry and harden. In order to protect the cascades from destruction and to preserve their natural beauty, entrance to the travertine area has been prohibited since 15 May 1997.

Weather conditions, the temperature of the water, and sufficient time for water to spread and flow are very important for the maintenance of white travertines. Precipitation goes on until the levels of carbon dioxide in the thermal water and the surrounding air are balanced. While the quantity of CO2 is 725 mg/l in the source, it is only 125 mg/l at the end of the travertines. Calcium bicarbonate also decreases from 1200 mg/l to 400 mg/l, and calcium decreases from 576 to 8 mg/l. Analysis indicates that 499.9 mg of CaCO3 precipitates per liter of thermal water over the cascades. The average density of the thermal water is 1.48 g/cm3 with a flow rate of 466.2 liters/second. That means 43,191 grams of calcium bicarbonate precipitate from the thermal water per day. Theoretically, that can whiten a 13,584 m2 area. However, whitening a 13,584 m2 area is practically very difficult. The whole travertine area currently covers 22,000 m2.

There is an area called ''Domuz Cukuru'' which is about 3000 m2 on an old street which used to be connected to Pamukkale Town. It is free for tourists.

Ions : Potassium (K) 13.5 mg, Sodium (Na) 332.3 mg, Calcium (Ca) 464.5 mg, Magnesium (Mg) 911 mg, Iron (Fe) 0.036 mg, Aluminum (Al) 2.34 mg.

Anions : Chlorinate (CL) 53, Nitrate (NO3), Sulfate (SO4) 675.5, Hydro phosphate (HPO4) 1.08, Hydro Carbonate (HCO3) 1045.3.

Cizmeli (Yenice) Thermal Spring and Mineral Water :
It is within Yenicekent Town's Border, 16 km from Buldan District. It is on the shore of the Menderes River and may be reached by the road which passes through the ancient city of Tripolis. The area may also be reached directly from Denizli with an asphalt road. There are recreational facilities. The temperature of the water is 44°C and contains hydrocarbonate, sulfate, sodium, calcium ions and some radioactive elements. The thermal water is beneficial in treating rheumatism, heart ailments, hardening of the arteries, and skin and hemorrhoidal swelling.
The Karsiyaka-Kamera Thermal Springs are in the same system and the characteristics of their water is the same.

Golemezli Mud Baths
It is close to Golemezli Village of Akkoy District. There are four different sources which are on the same system as the Pamukkale Sources. One of them is used for mud baths. The water temperatures are from 35-50°C. The thermal waters contain CO2, sulfate, sodium and calcium. The water is useful for skin diseases.

Babacik (Kabaagac) Thermal Spring
It is in the Kabaagac Village, which is 3 km from the Tekke Thermal Springs of Saraykoy District. There are two sulfurous sources. One of them is 43°C and the other is 62°C. The sources are rich in carbon dioxide.

Tekkekoy Thermal Spring
It is close to Tekke Village about 20 km from Saraykoy District. Its temperature is 80°C. A Roman Bath, a pool and changing rooms from the Roman Period are here. The water is good for rheumatism, skin diseases, female diseases and urethra diseases.

Kavakbasi Thermal Spring
It's in Kavakbasi Village of Akkoy District, which is about 4 km from Pamukkale. The temperature is 30°C and is used for skin diseases.

Kizildere Thermal Springs
The source for these red colored rocks is about 11 km from Saraykoy District. The water contains sodium bicarbonate and sodium sulfate. There are three sources with temperatures of 63°C, 65°C and 88°C. There is a double Turkish bath with two baths, pools and changing cabins. The water used for rheumatism and tiredness.

Karahayit Thermal Spring and Mineral Waters

The Thermal Source is in Karahayit Town about 5 km north of Pamukkale and also a part of the Pamukkale Thermal Sources System. The water composition resembles that of Pamukkale Thermal Sources, but it is warmer and has less CO2. There are three sources. The first one is 420C, the second is 50 0C and the third source is 56 0C. The water also has mildly radioactive elements.
The thermal water is good for the heart, hardening of the arteries, high blood pressure, rheumatism, sciatica, skin and nerve diseases.

Thermal Water Contents : The water has calcium (466.000), bicarbonate (1329,569), sodium (114,950), iron (2,485), potassium (32,883), magnesium (131,344), carbon dioxide (730,40) mg and radioactivity is 183,14.

There are several oxides in thermal water. That's why the water has formed different colored travertines according to its contents.
Karahayit used to be just a local tourist destination, but nowadays it is an international destination because many hotels have been built. Karahayit Town is almost as important as Pamukkale.

The Karahayit Red Cascades cover about 500 m2. The cascades are one of the most interesting places to see in Denizli.

Sarilik Healing Water Yesilyaka-Civril Mineral Spring-Mud
Acisu Termal Ozdemirci Town-Civril Mineral Spring-Bath
Bolmekaya Mineral Water Bolmekaya Village-Buldan Mineral Spring-Bath
Buldan Mineral Water Buldan Mineral Spring
Coban Spring Goncali Village-Denizli Mineral Spring-Bath-Mud
Cizmeli Thermal Yenicekent-Buldan Mineral Spring-Bath-Steam
Cukurbag Thermal Pamukkale Town Mineral Water-Bath
Demirtas Thermal Tekke Village-Saraykoy Bath
Doga Spring Water Caybasi Part-Buldan Mineral Spring
Efe Mineral Water Icme Deresi-Buldan Mineral Spring
Golemezli Sanli Alp Thermal Akkoy Mineral Water-Bath-Mud
Golemezli Thermal Akkoy Bath-Mud
Gozpinari Thermal Akkoy Bath
Hamamcik Thermal Pamukkale Town Bath
Haydar Dudeni Thermal Kaklik Town-Honaz Mineral Water-Bath-Mud
Ilicatasi Thermal Beylerli Town-Cardak Mineral Water-Bath
Inalti Thermal Tekke Village-Saraykoy Mineral Water-Bath-Mud-Steam
Bubacik Thermal Saraykoy Mineral Water-Bath-Mud
Kamara Thermal Yenicekent-Buldan Mineral Water-Bath-Mud-Steam
Karahayit Thermal Karahayit Town-Denizli Mineral Water-Bath
Karsiyaka Thermal Yenicekent-Buldan Bath-Mud-Steam
Kavakbasi Thermal Akkoy Mud
Kizildere Thermal Saraykoy Mineral Water-Bath
Kizilharman Thermal Develi Village-Akkoy Bath
Pamukkale Thermal Pamukkale Town-Denizli Mineral Spring-Bath
S.Tepesi Thermal Saraykoy Mineral Spring-Bath-Mud
Tekkekoy Thermal Saraykoy Mineral Water-Bath-Steam-Mud
Gerenci Healing Water Narli Village-Kale Mineral Water
Kuskoru Healing Water Hisar Village-Saraykoy Mineral Water

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